Annotated Bibliography – Kristina Qoku’s Writing for the Sciences Portfolio

Last updated April 22nd, 2020

The draft of the Annotated Bibliography was a less developed version of the final submitted copy. The chosen topic of the assignment was the perceived effect of disordered sleep patterns on risks for developing mental health disorders within the adolescent population. Each article was cited in CSE format, and was summarized with an abstract beneath the citation.

Kristina Qoku
Deeadra Brown
Writing for the Sciences ENGL 21003 22 Apr 2020

Annotated Bibliography
Fitzgerald CT, Messias E, Buysse DJ. Teen Sleep and Suicidality: Results from the Youth Risk

Behavior Surveys of 2007 and 2009. JCSM. (7)4: 1550-9397.

This study describes how a disturbance in sleep may lead to a higher risk of suicidal ideation within the adolescent population. A disturbance in sleep may be described as sleeping more or less than the recommended 8.5-9 hours of sleep for adolescents. Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, created by the CDC, were used to determine the adolescents’ risk for suicidal tendencies. In the end, 14,041 questionnaires were used and interpreted using linear regression models. The sample size included adolescents ranging from age 14-18. This sample size is large enough to indicate an accurate representation of the population. Within the study, differences in demographics were accounted for and controlled through statistical analysis. Those who slept more reported lower levels of overall sadness. In addition to sleep disturbances leading to a higher risk of suicidal ideation in teenagers, the study found that they may also lead to increased substance use. Though the question addressed in this article does not directly confront the relation between sleep deprivation and depression in teens, it does cite a correlation between sleep deprivation and suicidal tendencies. Suicidal tendencies imply that there is an underlying mental issue.

Therefore, this article would still be useful within the literature review, and may be positioned later on since its content is slightly more specific.

Conklin AI, Yao CA, Richardson CG. Chronic sleep deprivation and gender-specific risk of depression in adolescents: a prospective population-based study. BMC Public Health. (18)724: (2000-2018).

This study explicitly seeks to determine the impact of sleep deprivation on the risk of depression in youth, as well as possible differences in risk based on gender. The British Columbia Adolescent Substance Use Survey was utilized to question 3071 individuals. The sample was 58% female and averaged 14.8 years of age. A large portion of the sample had a high socioeconomic status. Both the amount of sleep and levels of depression were reported using various scales. Overall, it was found that chronic sleep deprivation does lead to an increased risk of depression in adolescents. However, the risk of depression was higher in females, and no pattern changes were observed in males. Chronic sleep deprivation to a greater extent was found to have more of a negative impact than mild sleep deprivation.Though the findings did report a difference between males and females, it is important to note that the study oversampled its female population, with the majority of the participants being female. This article explicitly describes the association between sleep deprivation and depression in young adults, and is general enough to be used to introduce the literature review. Since it is a longitudinal study, it may be more reliable due to its long-term nature. However, its sample size is relatively small compared to other studies, and may not attribute as much credibility as a result.

Segura-Jimenez V, Carbonell-Baeza A, Keating XD, Ruiz JR, Castro-Pinero J. Association of sleep patterns with psychological positive health and health complaints in children and adolescents. Qual. of Life Research. (24)4: 885-895.

This study identifies how the amount and quality of sleep affects the psychological disposition of both children and adolescents in Spain. It sampled a size of 380 children and 304 adolescent participants. The Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire was used to survey the participants. In addition to measuring traditional aspects of health, the study sought to focus on quality of life by measuring levels of positive health, which is health beyond the mere absence of disease. Quality of interpersonal relationships and negative health outcomes that have not been diagnosed were also measured through surveys. The study determined that an increase in total sleep and an improvement in sleep quality could lead to both positive health and a decrease in health complaints within both adolescents and children. The most pressing issue with using this article for the literature review would be its small sample size, particularly of adolescents. This study may not be entirely representative of the population. Additionally, it does not explicitly list depression, although its conclusion may imply depression as a part of “negative health outcomes”. This article is more specific and would be placed later in the literature review.

Dickinson DL, Wolkow AP, Rajaratnam SNW, Drummond SPA. Personal sleep debt and daytime sleepiness mediate the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in young adults. Depress Anxiety. 35(8): 775-783.

This study sought to determine how lack of sleep and fatigue in the daytime is related to depressive symptoms within adolescents. Unlike the other cited articles, this article also addresses that each individual has their own sleep needs that may vary from the recommended amount. 3,210 students both from universities and the general population were surveyed. It was found that both sleepiness and a lack of sleep led to a higher likelihood of depression and anxiety in both populations of university students and young adults from the general population. The study alludes to the importance of physicians taking into consideration sleepiness when assessing psychopathology risk, as this may be remediated by simply sleeping more. This article would be very useful in my literature review as it directly targets association between sleep deprivation and depression in adolescents. I would place this article either first or second in order.

Last updated April 29th, 2020

Kristina Qoku
Deeadra Brown
Writing for the Sciences ENGL 21003 29 Apr 2020

The Association Between Lack of Sleep and Mental Illness in Adolescents and Youth: Annotated Bibliography

Fitzgerald CT, Messias E, Buysse DJ. Teen sleep and suicidality: results from the youth risk behavior surveys of 2007 and 2009. Journal of Clinic. Sleep Med. (7)4: 1550-9397.

This study describes how a disturbance in sleep may lead to a higher risk of suicidal ideation within the adolescent population. A disturbance in sleep may be described as sleeping more or less than the recommended 8.5-9 hours of sleep for adolescents. Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, created by the CDC, were used to determine the adolescents’ risk for suicidal tendencies. 14,041 questionnaires were used and interpreted using linear regression models. The sample size included adolescents ranging from age 14-18. Within the study, differences in demographics were accounted for and controlled through statistical analysis. Those who slept more reported lower levels of overall sadness. In addition to causing a higher risk of suicidal ideation in teenagers, the study found that sleep disturbances may also lead to increased substance use. Though the question addressed in this article does not directly confront the relation between sleep deprivation and depression in teens, it does cite a correlation between

sleep deprivation and suicidal tendencies. Suicidal tendencies imply that an underlying mental issue is also present.

The sample size that the study used is large enough to indicate an accurate representation of the population, implying that the results of the study are representative of many individuals. The authors are accredited physicians who are trained in the field of psychiatry. The study itself has been peer reviewed multiple times, seeing as the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine is an accredited journal with a submission review process. Though this article is highly specific in terms of addressing suicidality, it would still be useful within the literature review. It would be positioned towards the end of the literature review in order to allow for more general, introductory content to be placed in the beginning.

Conklin AI, Yao CA, Richardson CG. Chronic sleep deprivation and gender-specific risk of depression in adolescents: a prospective population-based study. BMC Pub. Health. (18)724: 2009-2018.

pattern changes were observed in males. Chronic sleep deprivation to a greater extent was found to have more of a negative impact than mild sleep deprivation.

Though the findings did report a difference between males and females, it is important to note that the study oversampled its female population, with the majority of the participants being female. This article explicitly describes the association between sleep deprivation and depression in young adults, and is general enough to be used to introduce the literature review. Since it is a longitudinal study, it may be more reliable due to its long-term nature. However, its sample size is relatively small compared to other studies, and may not attribute as much credibility as a result. The authors are all members of health research institutes, which attributes to their credibility. BMC Public Health is a peer reviewed journal that is a part of the larger Springer Nature, undergoing scrutiny from medical professionals and scientists around the world.

This study identifies how the amount and quality of sleep affects the psychological disposition of both children and adolescents in Spain. Researchers sampled a size of 380 children and 304 adolescent participants. The Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire was used to survey the participants. In addition to measuring traditional aspects of health, the study sought to focus on quality of life by measuring levels of positive health, which is health beyond the mere absence of disease. Quality of interpersonal relationships and negative health outcomes

that have not been diagnosed were also measured through surveys. The study determined that an increase in total sleep and an improvement in sleep quality could lead to both positive health and a decrease in health complaints within both adolescents and children.

The most pressing issue with using this article for the literature review would be its small sample size, particularly of adolescents. This study may not be entirely representative of the youth population, which may be a point to consider when compiling the literature review. Additionally, the study does not explicitly list any diagnosed mental health disorders within the population that was used, although its conclusion may imply depression as a part of “negative health outcomes”. Due to the specific nature of the study, it would be placed later in the literature review. The authors of the study are all certified scientists with PhDs and multiple journal publications in this field. Quality of Life Research is a peer-reviewed journal that is also a part of Springer. It has a relatively high impact factor and reaches a large audience internationally.

amounts of sleep debt. It was found that both sleepiness and a lack of sleep led to a higher likelihood of depression and anxiety in both populations of university students and young adults from the general population. The study alludes to the importance of physicians taking into consideration sleepiness when assessing psychopathology risk, as this may be remediated by simply sleeping more.

This article would be very useful in my literature review as it directly targets association between sleep deprivation and depression in adolescents. I would place this article either first or second in order due to its direct mention of depression as a mental illness, as well as its more general focus. The authors of the study are accredited scientists with previous journal publications. The journal is peer-reviewed and published by PubMed.